A subset of animation that utilizes two-dimensional characters, objects, and backgrounds manipulated over time within a flat digital or physical space. Traditionally created by drawing each frame by hand (cel animation), modern 2D animation often employs digital tools to create and animate flat graphics and illustrations. Techniques include keyframe animation, rigging (creating a skeletal structure for characters), and the use of layers and effects to achieve movement and visual style. 2D animation is prevalent in television series, web animations, explainer videos, and some feature films, often characterized by its stylistic versatility and expressive character design.